Pope Caius
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Pope Saint Caius |
|
Papacy began |
17 December 283 |
Papacy ended |
22 April 296 |
Predecessor |
|
Successor |
|
Personal details |
|
Birth name |
Caius or Gaius |
Born |
Unknown |
Died |
22 April 296 |
Sainthood |
|
Feast day |
22 April |
Pope Caius (died 22 April
296), also called Gaius, was the Bishop of Rome from 17 December 283 to
his death in 296.[1] Christian tradition
makes him a native of the Dalmatian city
of Salona, today Solin near Split, the son of a man also named Caius, and
a member of a noble family related to the Emperor Diocletian.[2] He was Illyrian.[3]
Little information on
Caius is available except that given by the Liber Pontificalis,
which relies on a legendary account of the martyrdom of St. Susanna for its information.
According to legend, Caius baptized the men and women who had been converted
by Saint Tiburtius (who
is venerated with St. Susanna) and Saint Castulus.[4] His legend states
that Caius took refuge in the catacombs of Rome and died a martyr.[5]
Contents
·
2Papacy
House of Caius[edit]
Further
information: San Caio
About 280, an early
Christian house of worship was established on the site of Santa Susanna, which, like many of the
earliest Christian meeting places, was in a house (domus ecclesiae).
The domus belonged, according to the
sixth-century acta, to brothers
named Caius and Gabinus, prominent Christians. Caius may be this Pope, or Caius the Presbyter. Gabinus is the name given
to the father of Saint Susanna. Thus, sources state that Caius was the uncle of
Saint Susanna.[6]
Papacy[edit]
As pope, Caius decreed
that before someone could assume the position of bishop, he must first be porter, lector, exorcist, acolyte, subdeacon, deacon, and priest. He also divided the districts of Rome
among the deacons.[5][7] During his
pontificate, anti-Christianmeasures
increased, although new churches were built and cemeteries were expanded. St
Caius may not have been martyred: Diocletian’s persecution of Christians began
in 303 AD, after Caius’ alleged death, and Diocletian was not immediately
hostile to Christianity upon becoming emperor.[2][5]
Tomb and burial[edit]
Depiction
of the alleged martyrdom of Pope Caius by Lorenzo Monaco. It was originally part of the
altarpiece of the church of San Gaggio in Florence.
Caius is mentioned in the
fourth-century Depositio Episcoporum (therefore not as a
martyr): X kl maii Caii in Callisti.[8]
Caius' tomb, with the
original epitaph, was discovered in the catacomb of Callixtus and
in it the ring with which he used to seal his letters (see Arringhi, Roma
subterr., 1. iv. c. xlviii. p. 426). In 1631, his alleged residence
in Rome was turned into a church. However,
it was demolished in 1880 to make room for the Ministry of War,
on the Via XX Settembre,
and his relics were transferred to the chapel of the Barberini family.[2]
Veneration as a saint[edit]
Saint Caius's feast day is celebrated on 22 April, as
is that of Saint Soter. They are
celebrated jointly in the Tridentine Calendar and
in the successive versions of the General Roman
Calendar until that of 1969, since when they are omitted. Both
are mentioned under 22 April in the Roman Martyrology, the official list of
recognized saints. The entry for Saint Caius is as follows: "At Rome, in
the cemetery of Callistus on
the Via Appia, the burial of Saint Caius, Pope,
who, fleeing from the persecution of Diocletian, died as a confessor of the
faith."[9]
St Caius is portrayed in
art wearing the Papal Tiara with Saint Nereus. He is venerated in Dalmatia and Venice. In Florence, the church of San Gaggio on
the via Senese was dedicated to him; the term Gaggio is a
corruption of the name Cajo. In 2003, plans were put into effect to
turn it into residential council housing.[10]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ Chapman, John (1908). "Caius and
Soter, Saints and Popes" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3.
New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2. ^ a b c San
Caio at Santi e Beati (in Italian)
3. ^ Hefele, C.J.; Clark, W.R.
(2007). A History of the Councils of the Church: from the
Original Documents, to the close of the Second Council of Nicaea A.D. 787.
Wipf & Stock. pp. 1–251. ISBN 9781556352478.
Retrieved 2015-08-16.
4. ^ "San
Castulo, Mártir | ACI Prensa – Santos". aciprensa.com.
Retrieved 2015-08-16.
5. ^ a b c St.
Caius Archived 2007-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ "Santa Susanna". santasusanna.org.
Archived from the original on 2015-07-28.
Retrieved 2015-08-16.
7. ^ Saint
of the Day, April 22: Caius SaintPatrickDC.org. Retrieved
2012-03-04.
8. ^ Herbermann,
Charles, ed. (1913). "Caius and Soter, Saints and Popes". Catholic Encyclopedia.
New York: Robert Appleton Company.
9. ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria
Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
10. ^ Firenze la città nuova – Gallery Archived 2007-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
External links[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caius. |
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Opera Omnia by Migne patrologia Latina
Preceded by |
Bishop of Rome |
Succeeded by |
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v ·
t ·
e Popes of the Catholic Church |
·
v ·
t ·
e Saints of
the Catholic Church |
·
LCCN: nr91009373 ·
WorldCat Identities (via
VIAF): 24453849 |
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This page was last
edited on 28 November 2018, at 10:01 (UTC).
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